Cách biến đổi Although, Eventhough, Though sang Inspite of, Despite (Because sang Because of)

CONVERT THOUGH / THOUGH / EVEN THOUGH  TO DESPITE / IN SPITE OF ( BECAUSE TO BECAUSE OF )

A. LÝ THUYẾT
Nguyên tắc chung cần nhớ là :

Although/ though + mệnh đề Despite / in spite of + cụm từ

Các công thức biến đổi từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ như sau:
1) Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề giống nhau:
- Bỏ chủ từ ,động từ thêm ING .

Example:

Although Tom got up late, he got to school on time.
=> Despite / in spite of getting up late, Tom got to school on time.

Cách sử dụng I wish & If only

THE USE OF 'I WISH & IF ONLY'

There are three distinct types of  I wish / if only  sentences:

1. Wish, wanting change for the present or future with the simple past.
2. Regret with the past perfect.
3. Complaints with would + verb.

1. Expressing a wish: (thể hiện một mơ ước)

Form:

If only / I wish + simple past

Example:

• If only I knew how to use a computer. (I don’t know how to use a computer and I would like to learn how to use it)
• If only I didn’t have so much homework I could go to the concert tonight. (She has a lot of homework and she can’t go to the concert.)
• I wish you didn’t live so far away. 
• I wish I knew what to do. 

Use:

• To express a wish in the present or in the future.
• The simple past here is an unreal past.
• When you use the verb to be the form is “were”.
  Example:
  I wish I were a millionaire!

2. Expressing regret: (thể hiện sự nuối tiếc)

Form:

If only / I wish + past perfect

Example:

• If only I had woken up early. (I didn't wake up early and I missed my bus.)
• I wish I’d studied harder when I was at school. (I didn’t study harder when I  was at school).
• I wish I hadn’t eaten all that chocolate. I feel sick.(I ate all that chocolate)
• If only I’d known you were coming.

Use:

• To express a regret.
• The action is past.

3. Expressing complaining and anoying: (thể hiện sự phàn nàn, khó chịu)

Form:

I wish / if only + would + verb

Example:

• I wish you wouldn't arrive so late all the time (I'm annoyed because you always come late and I want you to arrive on time)
• I wish you wouldn’t borrow my clothes without asking. 
• I wish it would rain. The garden really needs some water. 
• I wish you’d give up smoking. it’s really bad for you. 

Note: We can only use wish + would to talk about things we can’t change.

So I wish I wouldn’t eat so much chocolate is not possible although we can say I wish I didn’t eat so much chocolate.

Use:

• To complain about a behavior that you disapprove.
• Expressing impatience, annoyance or dissatisfaction with a present action.

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DO THE EXERCISE

1. Decide whether these statements express a "wish" or a "regret":

1. I wish I could fly. (Regret/ Wish )
2. If only she had seen the doctor earlier. He could have saved her. (Regret/ Wish)
3. If only I traveled to New York. (Regret /Wish )
4. I wish I were a doctor. (Regret /Wish)

2. Choose the correct answer:

1. Alice didn't get a good grade. She wishes she (worked) had worked harder
2. Tom likes football very much. He wishes he (become) became a professional football player.
3. He was running very fast when he had a heart attack. If only he (not/run) hadn't run so fast.
4. She's keen on computers. She wishes she (study) studied computer science next school year.
5. I am sorry I don’t know how to use the computer. If only I (know) knew how to use it.
6. I stayed late at work and missed the last bus. I wish I (stay) had not stayed at work late. 

(Tham khảo từ britishcouncil.org & myenglishpages.com)

Câu điều kiện

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Trong phần này sẽ được chia làm 2 cấp độ: cấp độ cơ bản và cấp độ nâng cao. Các bạn nhất thiết phải học theo thứ tự, chỉ khi nào nắm vững cấp cơ bản thì mới học phần nâng cao, nếu không sẽ bị rối và không hiểu được bài.

A- Cấp độ cơ bản

I. Phân loại

1. Loại 1:

Công thức :

IF S   + V (hiện tại) , S + WILL ( CAN, MAY) + V (nguyên mẫu)

Cách dùng:

Chỉ sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

Ví dụ:

If it is sunny, I will go fishing.  ( nếu trời nắng, tôi sẽ đi câu)

2. Loại 2:

Công thức :

IF S   + V (quá khứ) , S + WOULD ( COULD, MIGHT ) + V (nguyên mẫu)

( be luôn dùng were dù chủ từ số ít hay nhiều )

Cách dùng:

Chỉ sự việc không thể hoặc khó có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

Ví dụ:

If I were you, I would go abroad. ( nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ đi nước ngoài)

Chuyện này không thể xảy ra được vì tôi đâu thể nào biến thành bạn được.

3. Loại 3:

Công thức :

IF S   +HAD +P.P , S + WOULD ( COULD, MIGHT ) HAVE + P.P

Cách dùng:

Chỉ sự việc đã không xảy ra ở quá khứ.

Ví dụ:

If I hadn’t been absent yesterday, I would have met him. ( nếu hôm qua tôi không vắng mặt thì tôi đã gặp anh ta rồi) => nhưng thực sự tôi đã vắng mặt

LƯU Ý:

+ Unless = if … not : trừ phi
+ Bên mệnh đề có if, chữ had trong loại 3, chữ were trong loại 2 và chữ should trong loại 1 có thể đbạn ra đầu câu thế cho if.
( chữ should đôi khi có thể dùng trong loại 1 với nghĩa làm cho câu mơ hồ hơn)

Ví dụ:

- If he should call, …. ( nếu mà anh ta có gọi, …    ) => không biết có gọi hay không

= Should he call,…. ( nếu mà anh ta có gọi, …     )

- If I were you, …

= Were I you, ….

- If she had gone there, …..

= Had she gone there,…..

Cải thiện kiến thức về cấu trúc câu

IMPROVING YOUR

SENTENCE STRUCTURE

To improve your academic writing skills, you must first

understand possible problems with sentence structure so
that you can not only recognize but write effective sen-
tences.

To understand sentences, you must first understand clauses, which make up sentences. A clause is defined as a group of words containing both a subject and a verb.

Clauses can be independent or dependent.

• An independent clause contains both a subject and a

verb and can stand alone as a sentence.

• A dependent clause contains both a subject and a

verb, but cannot stand alone as a sentence. Depend-
ent clauses are introduced by subordinating conjunc-
tions such as because, that, what, while, who, which,

although, if, etc.